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1、Origin of the City’s Name
As far back as 1,046 B.C, the first nationwide political authority in China was founded by Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang of Western Zhou dynasty, setting up the capital in Fenghao(today’s Xi’an). During the early period of Western Han dynasty in 206 B.C, Liu Bang set up capital in Chang’an( today’s Xi’an), carrying the meaning of eternal peace. The name of capital Chang’an lasted 1,100 years until 907 A.D in late Tang dynasty. After the doom of Tang dynasty, Xi’an was renamed Jingzhao Fu( in Later Tang dynasty), Shaanxi Lu（in Song dynasty）, Anxi lu and Fengyuan Lu( in Yuan dynasty) and had played the role of a political, economic and cultural center in the northwest region of China. In the spring of 1369, the year after Ming dynasty was established, Xuda conquered Fengyuan Lu and changed the city’s name into Xi’an, carrying the meaning of stability in the northwest region. The name lasted up till today.
2、Contemporary History
May 20, 1949 celebrated the liberation of the Xi’an city. Upon the founding of the People’s Republic of China,Xi’an was chosen as the headquarter for the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Northwest Administrative Committee respectively and a city directly under the jurisdiction of the Central Government. In 1954, it turned to be the capital city of Shaanx iProvince and was listed under separate state planning in 1984. In 1992, it was approved as an opening city of inland China. In 1994,Xi’an was authorized to be the national comprehensive supporting reform pilot city and a sub-provincial city. Having undergone over more than 60 years of development, a complete industrial system and urban service system have taken shape.Xi’an has become the key scientific research, higher education, national defense and hi-tech industrial base in China. It also plays the role of a hub of finance, science and technology, education, tourism, and trade in the mid-western region ofNorthern China.
3、Capital City of 13 Dynasties
Historically, 13 dynasties had established their capitals in Xi’an, including West Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, West Han Dynasty, Xin Dynasty, East Han Dynasty (Emperor Xian), West Jin Dynasty (Emperor Min), Former Zhao, Former Qin, Later Qin Dynasty, West Wei Dynasty, North Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty.
The time span ofXi’anserving as Chinese ancient capital adds up to 1,129 years.
|
Dynasty |
Name of Capital |
Location |
Year of Starting and Ending |
Tenure (yesrs) |
|
West Zhou |
Fenghao |
Chang’an District |
The 49th year of Emperor Wu(1046B.C.) The 1st year of Emperor You(770B.C.) |
276 |
|
Qin |
Yueyang |
Yianliang District |
The 12th year of Emperor Xiangong(383B.C.) The 12th year of Emperor Xiaogong(350B.C.) |
178 |
|
Xianyang |
Weiyang District |
The 12th year of Emperor Xiaogong The 1st year of Emperor Xiaogong((206 B.C.) |
||
|
West Han |
Chang’an |
Weiyang District |
The 1st year of Emperor Gaozu(206B.C.) The 1st year of Emperor Ruzi(8A.D.) |
214 |
|
Xin |
Chang’an |
Weiyang District |
The 1st year of Emperor Wangmang(9A.D.) The 4st year of Emperor Dihuang(23A.D.) |
15 |
|
East Han Dynasty (Emperor Xian) |
Chang’an |
Weiyang District |
The 1st year of Emperor Chuping(190A.D.) The 5st year of Emperor Xingping(195A.D.) |
6 |
|
West Jin Dynasty (Emperor Min) |
Chang’an |
Weiyang District |
The 1st year(313A.D.) to the 4th year of Emperor Jianxing(316A.D.) |
4 |
|
Former Zhao |
Chang’an |
Weiyang District |
The 2st year(319A.D.) to the 12th year of Emperor Guangchu(329A.D.) |
11 |
|
Former Qin |
Chang’an |
Weiyang District |
The 1st year of Emperor Shihuang(351A.D.) The 1st year of Emperor Taian(385A.D.) |
35 |
|
Later Qin |
Chang’an |
Weiyang District |
The 1st year of Emperor Jianchu(386A.D.) The 2nd year of Emperor Yonghe(417A.D.)
|
32 |
|
West Wei |
Chang’an |
Weiyang District |
The 3nd year of Emperor Datong(535A.D.) The 4th year of Emperor Gong(557A.D.)
|
23 |
|
North Zhou |
Chang’an |
Weiyang District |
The 1st year of Emperor Xiaomin(557A.D.) The 1st year of Emperor Dading(581A.D.) |
25 |
|
Sui |
Daxing |
Xi’an city |
The 1st year of Emperor Kaihuang(581A.D.) The 14th year of Emperor Daye(618A.D.) |
38 |
|
Tang |
Chang’an |
Xi’an city |
The 1st year of Emperor Wude(618A.D.) The 1st year of Emperor Tianshou(690A.D.)
|
272 |
|
Chang’an |
Xi’an city |
The 1st year of Emperor Shenlong(705A.D.) The 4th year of Emperor Tianyou(904A.D.) |
||
|
Total |
|
|
|
1129 |
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